Research Papers (2009 – 2013)

Abstract

Purpose: The prevalence of obesity throughout the world is well documented, and it is universally recognized as an important issue that has an impact on several areas of our daily lives, such as driving. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the association between obesity and traffic safety. In doing so, the goal is to promote insightful reflection and discussion around this emerging topic. Methods: Extensive searches were conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, ISI web of knowledge and Google scholar. Keyword search terms were “Obes*” AND “Driv*”. Once the literature was collected, it was sorted into a coherent resume of the general ideas and presented for discussion. Discussion: Our environment, particularly the increasing urban sprawl, leads drivers to spend more time in their car, which is a sedentary activity. Sedentary activities are linked with overweight and obesity. Obese drivers have several health complications that may predispose them to increased collisions. Examples of these obesity related health problems are obstructive sleep apnoea and visual pathologies (glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy). When collisions occur, obese drivers have potentially increased risks for the occurrence of injuries such as lower rib fractures and hip displacement and in general, these injuries also tend to be more severe. In addition, epidemiological evidence points to an association between obesity and increases in crash-related fatalities with some studies citing approximately 54-61% higher risk of fatality for obese drivers. The proposed reason for this association between obesity and injuries or fatalities is thought to be an anthromechanical issue of car design and driver mobility. In terms of car design, several concerns surrounding the seat belt have been identified. Specifically, obese drivers less frequently use the seat belt because the fit is often inappropriate, also during a collision the extra demands placed on the belt results in inefficient restraint (positioning and body mass). Conclusion: With such a complex issue, there is no simple solution. Education is the first step and with a comprehensive understanding of the risks, actions can be taken to prevent these issues, or at the very least, reduce their impact.

Grant A. Handrigan, Martin Lavallière